NY Insurance Law


Article 42, Life Inusrance Companies and Accident and Health Insurance Companies and Legal Services Insurance Companies
Section 4202. Capital and surplus requirements of life insurance companies. 4203. Transfer of shares of domestic life insurance company. 4204. Financial requirements for the organization of stock accident and health insurance companies and stock legal services insurance companies. 4205. Life, accident and health, and legal services insurance companies; engaging in other business. 4206. Deposits by life, accident and health, and legal services insurance companies. 4207. Dividends to shareholders of life, and accident and health insurance companies. 4208. Financial and additional requirements for the organization of mutual life, accident and health, and legal services insurance companies. 4209. Mutual life insurance companies, mutual accident and health insurance companies; assessments. 4210. Election of directors of domestic mutual life insurance companies. 4211. Election of directors of domestic stock life insurance companies. 4212. Stock life insurance companies; voting power of policyholders. 4213. Industrial life insurance. 4214. Industrial accident and industrial health insurance. 4215. Contracts with industrial life insurance agents; prohibitions. 4216. Group life insurance; premium requirements; notice of conversion; filing of compensation. 4217. Valuation of insurance policies and contracts. 4218. When actual premium is less than net premium; minimum reserve. 4219. Limitation on accumulation of surplus of life insurance companies. 4220. Life insurance and annuities; nonforfeiture benefits under defaulted contracts. 4221. Standard nonforfeiture law. 4222. Policy loans. 4223. Standard nonforfeiture law for annuities. 4224. Life, accident and health insurance; discrimination and rebating; prohibited inducements and interdependent sales. 4225. Domestic life insurance companies; discrimination as to brokers. 4226. Misrepresentations, misleading statements and incomplete comparisons by insurers. 4228. Life insurance and annuity business; limitations of expenses. 4230. Salaries and pensions to officers and employees. 4231. Policyholder`s participation in surplus of life insurance companies. 4232. Amounts credited on certain contracts or life insurance policies. 4233. Annual statements of life insurance companies. 4235. Group accident and health insurance. 4236. Joint underwriting of group health insurance for persons aged sixty-five and over. 4237. Blanket accident and health insurance. 4237-a. Stop-loss insurance. 4238. Group annuity contracts. 4239. Allocation and reporting of income and expenses of life insurers. 4240. Separate accounts; fixed and variable life insurance and annuities and funding agreements. 4241. Penalty for violation of filing requirements. S 4202. Capital and surplus requirements of life insurance companies. (a) (1) A stock company may be organized as prescribed in section one thousand two hundred one and subsection (e) of section one thousand one hundred two of this chapter and licensed to do the business of life insurance as specified in paragraph one of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter with a paid-in capital of at least two million dollars and a paid-in initial surplus at least equal to the greater of four million dollars or two hundred percent of its capital, and it may in addition do any one or more of the kinds of insurance business specified in paragraphs two, three and twenty-nine of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, without having additional capital or surplus. (2) Every such company shall at all times maintain a minimum capital of two million dollars, except that every such company (A) if organized prior to April fourth, nineteen hundred sixty-two shall at all times maintain a minimum capital of at least three hundred thousand dollars and a surplus at least equal to fifty percent of such capital; and (B) if organized on or after April fourth, nineteen hundred sixty-two and prior to September first, nineteen hundred sixty-six shall at all times maintain a minimum capital of at least five hundred thousand dollars and a surplus at least equal to fifty percent of such capital; and (C) if organized on or after September first, nineteen hundred sixty-six and prior to September first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine shall at all times maintain a minimum capital of at least one million dollars and a surplus at least equal to fifty percent of such capital. (b) (1) The superintendent may permit the organization, in conformity with section one thousand two hundred one and subsection (e) of section one thousand one hundred two of this chapter, of a stock company to do on a restricted plan any one or more of the kinds of insurance business specified in paragraphs one, two and three of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, with a minimum paid-in capital and a minimum paid-in surplus in an amount prescribed by him, but not less than a paid-in capital of two hundred thousand dollars and a paid-in surplus at least equal to one hundred thousand dollars provided the superintendent, after investigation, finds that the restricted plan is sound, economical and practical and that there is a public demand for such insurance or annuity contracts. (2) Every such company shall at all times maintain such prescribed minimum capital except that every such company organized prior to April fourth, nineteen hundred sixty-two shall at all times maintain a minimum paid-in capital and a minimum paid-in surplus in an amount prescribed by the superintendent, but not less than a paid-in capital of one hundred thousand dollars and a paid-in surplus at least equal to fifty thousand dollars. S 4203. Transfer of shares of domestic life insurance company. (a) No shareholder of a domestic life insurance company shall vote his shares until the earlier of (i) ten days after written notice of acquisition thereof has been filed with the superintendent, or (ii) one year after the date of acquisition thereof. (b) This section shall apply only to shares acquired after such a company has been licensed under this chapter. S 4204. Financial requirements for the organization of stock accident and health insurance companies and stock legal services insurance companies. (a) (1) A stock company may be organized in the manner prescribed in section one thousand two hundred one and subsection (e) of section one thousand one hundred two of this chapter and licensed to do only the kind of insurance business specified in item (i) of paragraph three of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, with a paid-in capital of not less than one hundred thousand dollars, and a paid-in surplus at least equal to fifty percent of its capital. Every such company shall at all times thereafter maintain a minimum capital of one hundred thousand dollars. (2) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any such stock company initially licensed on or after July first, nineteen hundred eighty-two shall have a paid-in capital of not less than two hundred thousand dollars and a paid-in surplus at least equal to fifty percent of its capital and shall at all times maintain a minimum capital of at least two hundred thousand dollars. (b) (1) Any company organized under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section may be licensed to do the kind of insurance business specified in item (ii) of paragraph three and paragraph twenty-nine of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, if it has a paid-in capital of not less than one hundred fifty thousand dollars, and a paid-in initial surplus at least equal to fifty percent of its capital. Every such company shall at all times maintain a minimum capital of one hundred fifty thousand dollars. (2) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this subsection, any such company initially licensed on or after July first, nineteen hundred eighty-two shall have a paid-in capital of not less than three hundred thousand dollars and a paid-in surplus at least equal to fifty percent of its capital and shall at all times maintain a minimum capital of at least three hundred thousand dollars. (c) A stock company may be organized to do only the kind of insurance specified in paragraph twenty-nine of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter if it complies with the financial requirements of paragraph one of subsection (a) of this section. S 4205. Life, accident and health, and legal services insurance companies; engaging in other business. No life insurance company licensed to do a life insurance business in this state shall do any business other than the kinds of business specified in paragraphs one, two, three and twenty-nine of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen, sections one thousand one hundred fourteen, one thousand seven hundred fourteen and three thousand two hundred twenty-two of this chapter and such other business as is necessarily or properly incidental thereto. Except as stated in section one thousand one hundred six of this chapter, this section shall apply to the business within or without this state of such a foreign life insurance company and shall apply only to the business within the United States of such an alien life insurance company. S 4206. Deposits by life, accident and health, and legal services insurance companies. Before being licensed to do business, every domestic life insurance company, every domestic accident and health insurance company and every domestic legal services insurance company shall deposit with the superintendent at least one hundred thousand dollars in securities eligible for deposits, except that every such company initially licensed on or after July first, nineteen hundred eighty-two shall make a deposit with the superintendent at least equal to two hundred percent of the amount required hereinabove. S 4207. Dividends to shareholders of life, and accident and health insurance companies. (a) (1) Notwithstanding paragraph two of this subsection, any domestic stock life insurance company may distribute a dividend to its shareholders where the aggregate amount of such dividends in any calendar year does not exceed the lesser of: (A) ten percent of its surplus to policyholders as of the immediately preceding calendar year; or (B) its net gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar year, not including realized capital gains. (2) Except as provided in paragraph one of this subsection, no domestic stock life insurance company shall distribute any dividend to its shareholders unless a notice of its intention to declare such dividend and the amount thereof shall have been filed with the superintendent not less than thirty days in advance of such proposed declaration. The superintendent may disapprove such distribution by giving written notice to such company within thirty days after such filing that he finds that the financial condition of the company does not warrant such distribution. (b) (1) Except as provided in paragraph three hereof, no domestic stock accident and health insurance company shall declare or distribute any dividend on its capital stock, except out of earned surplus, as defined in subsection (a) of section four thousand one hundred five of this chapter. No such company shall declare or distribute any dividend to shareholders which, together with all such dividends declared or distributed by it during the next preceding twelve months, exceeds the lesser of ten percent of its surplus to policyholders, as shown by its last statement on file with the superintendent, or one hundred percent of adjusted net investment income for such period unless, upon prior application therefor, the superintendent approves a greater dividend payment based upon his finding that the insurer will retain sufficient surplus to support its obligations and writings. Within the meaning of this section, "adjusted net investment income" means net investment income for the twelve months immediately preceding the declaration or distribution of the current dividend increased by the excess, if any, of net investment income over dividends declared or distributed during the period commencing thirty-six months prior to the declaration or distribution of the current dividend and ending twelve months prior thereto; "surplus" means the amount of the insurer`s admitted assets in excess of its capital and its liabilities; and both "surplus" and "surplus to policyholders" shall include any voluntary reserves, or any part thereof, which are not required by law. (2) If the superintendent finds, after notice to and hearing of such company, that any such company has distributed any dividend in violation of this subsection, he may order such company to cease doing any new business until the amount of such dividend has been restored to such company. The directors of any such company who vote in favor of the declaration and distribution of any dividend in violation of this section shall, in addition to all other liabilities or penalties prescribed by law, be jointly and severally liable to the creditors, including policyholder creditors, of such company to the extent of the dividend so declared and paid, and every shareholder receiving any such dividend shall be liable to such creditors of such company to the extent of the dividend received by such shareholder. (3) Any domestic stock accident and health insurance company may declare and distribute a stock dividend to its shareholders whenever it shall have a surplus as defined in paragraph one hereof, in an amount at least equal to the sum of such dividend and thirty percent of its unearned premium liability as shown by its last statement on file in the office of the superintendent and, for such purpose, such company may increase its capital stock from such surplus in the manner prescribed in section one thousand two hundred six of this chapter, and it shall distribute such additional or increased stock to its shareholders in proportion to the stock held by each, respectively. (c) Any stock accident and health insurance company authorized to do business in this state may include in its charter a provision authorizing the board of directors to permit its policyholders from time to time to participate in the profits of its operations through the payment of dividends to policyholders. For the purpose of carrying into effect any such provision, the board of directors may from time to time make reasonable classifications of policies. Every such classification of risks shall be filed with the superintendent and shall not be effective as to policies issued or delivered in this state unless approved by the superintendent as fair and equitable and not unfairly discriminatory. Any such classification approved by the superintendent shall remain in effect in this state until disapproved by him or until withdrawn or modified with his approval by the company filing the same. No dividends to policyholders shall be declared or paid by any such company except out of its earned surplus, as defined in subsection (a) of section four thousand one hundred five of this chapter. S 4208. Financial and additional requirements for the organization of mutual life, accident and health, and legal services insurance companies. (a) (1) A mutual insurance company may be incorporated and licensed exclusively to do one or more of the kinds of insurance business specified in paragraphs one, two, three and twenty-nine of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, upon compliance with the applicable requirements of section one thousand two hundred one and subsection (e) of section one thousand one hundred two of this chapter and subsection (b) of this section. (2) In this section: (A) "Initial surplus" means the paid-in initial surplus required pursuant to paragraph nine of subsection (a) of section one thousand two hundred one and paragraph one of subsection (e) of section one thousand one hundred two of this chapter. (B) "Minimum surplus" means the amount of surplus which such company shall, after being licensed to do business, at all times maintain unimpaired. (C) "Applications" means individual applications for policies of life insurance, except that in the case of volunteer firemen, it shall also mean applications for enrollment for coverage to be issued under group life insurance policies applied for by not less than twenty-five associations or organizations of volunteer firemen in accordance with the provisions of paragraph seven of subsection (b) of section four thousand two hundred sixteen of this article. (b) (1) If organized to do only the kind of insurance business specified in paragraph one of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, such company shall: (A) have not less than one thousand bona fide applications for life insurance in an amount not less than one thousand dollars each; (B) have received from each such applicant in cash the full amount of one annual premium on the policy applied for, which premiums in the aggregate at least equal twenty-five thousand dollars; (C) have an initial surplus of one hundred fifty thousand dollars in cash; and (D) have a minimum surplus of one hundred thousand dollars. (2) If organized to do only the kind of business specified in item (i) of paragraph three of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, such company shall: (A) have not less than five hundred bona fide applications for such insurance; (B) have received from each such applicant in cash the full amount of one annual premium on the policy applied for, which premiums in the aggregate at least equal twenty thousand dollars; (C) have an initial surplus of one hundred fifty thousand dollars in cash; and (D) have a minimum surplus of one hundred thousand dollars, except that every such company initially licensed on or after July first, nineteen hundred eighty-two shall have an initial surplus and a minimum surplus in an amount which is at least equal to two hundred percent of that required of a like company licensed prior to July first, nineteen hundred eighty-two. (3) If organized to do the kinds of insurance business specified in paragraph one and in item (i) of paragraph three of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, such company shall comply with both paragraph one and paragraph two of this subsection. (4) To be organized to do the kind of insurance business specified in paragraph two of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, such company shall meet the organizational requirements of paragraph one hereof and shall have an initial surplus and a minimum surplus, each in an amount at least fifty thousand dollars in excess of the respective amounts otherwise required by paragraph one hereof. (5) To be organized to do the kind of insurance business specified in item (ii) of paragraph three or paragraph twenty-nine of subsection (a) of section one thousand one hundred thirteen of this chapter, such company shall meet the organizational requirements of one or more of paragraphs one through four hereof and shall have an initial surplus and a minimum surplus, each in an amount at least fifty thousand dollars in excess of the highest applicable respective amount required by such paragraph or paragraphs, except that any such company initially licensed on or after July first, nineteen hundred eighty-two shall have an initial surplus and a minimum surplus, each in an amount at least one hundred thousand dollars in excess of the highest applicable respective amount required by such paragraph or paragraphs. S 4209. Mutual life insurance companies, mutual accident and health insurance companies; assessments. (a) (1) No domestic mutual life insurance company shall issue any policy of life or accident and health insurance or any annuity contract providing for the payment of any assessment by any policyholder or member in addition to the regular premium or consideration charged therefor; nor shall any such company have power to levy or collect any such assessment. (2) No foreign or alien life insurance company shall do business in this state if it does business anywhere on any assessment plan. (b) (1) Except as provided in subsection (c) hereof, every domestic mutual accident and health insurance company shall provide in its policies that every member shall be liable for an assessment, in addition to the amount of premiums paid or payable, in an amount not exceeding the maximum named therein, which shall be not less than one annual premium on the policy; if the assessment liability is unlimited the policy shall so provide. (2) If any domestic mutual accident and health insurance company does not have admitted assets at least equal to the aggregate of its liabilities, reserves and its minimum surplus as required by this chapter, and if such impairment is not otherwise rectified, the board of directors of such company may, with the approval of the superintendent and within such time as he prescribes, order an assessment as specified in its by-laws for an amount which will provide sufficient funds to rectify such impairment, except that no member of such company shall be liable for an assessment exceeding the limit specified in his policy. (3) All such orders of assessment shall be filed with the superintendent and shall not take effect unless and until approved by him. The superintendent may refuse any such approval if, in his judgment, such refusal will best promote the interests of the policyholders and creditors of such company, and of the insuring public. Such assessment shall be made upon all members liable to assessment therefor in proportion to their several liabilities. (4) Every person who was a member of such company at any time during two years prior to the making of an order of assessment by the board of directors shall pay his proportionate part of any such assessment if he is notified of such assessment within one year after the making of an order of assessment. A member`s proportionate part of any assessment shall be determined by applying to the premium earned on the member`s policy or policies during the period to be covered by the assessment the ratio of the total assessment to the total premiums earned during such period on all policies subject to assessment. (c) Every mutual accident and health insurance company licensed to do business in this state, if its charter or by-laws permit or are amended to permit the issuance of policies without contingent mutual liability of the policyholders for assessment, may with the permission of the superintendent issue non-assessable policies in this state. Every such company shall submit a copy of its proposed non-assessable policy or policies for approval of the superintendent, and shall have obtained his approval thereof. Every policy issued by any such company shall clearly state whether or not the holder of such policy is subject to a liability for assessment. (d) (1) Any foreign mutual accident and health insurance company which complies with the requirements of subsection (c) hereof for the issuance of non-assessable policies may do an insurance business in this state without complying with the requirements of subsection (b) hereof. (2) No such company which does not comply with the requirements of subsection (c) hereof shall do an insurance business in this state unless its by-laws and its policies issued in this state contain provisions for the levying and collection of assessments upon members, at least for the payment of losses and expenses, which conform in substance to the requirements of subsection (b) hereof. S 4210. Election of directors of domestic mutual life insurance companies. (a) (1) The directors of every domestic mutual life insurance company shall be elected in the manner and subject to the regulations prescribed in this section. (2) Every such company shall, in accordance with its charter, either elect its entire board of directors biennially, or divide its board of directors into not more than three classes, as nearly equal as may be, in which case the members of one class only shall be elected annually. (3) In this section: (A) "Policyholder" means the person insured under an individual policy of life insurance or of accident and health insurance issued upon the application of such person, the person who effectuates any such policy upon the person of another pursuant to subsection (c) of section three thousand two hundred five of this chapter, the person to whom any annuity or pure endowment is presently or prospectively payable by the terms of an individual annuity or a pure endowment contract, except where the policy or contract declares some other person to be the owner or holder thereof, in which case such owner or policyholder shall be deemed the policyholder, and except in cases of assignment as hereinafter provided. In the case of any such individual policy or contract insuring two or more persons jointly the persons insured, or, if any such policy be issued upon the application of some third person or persons, the person or persons who effectuated any such policy pursuant to subsection (c) of section three thousand two hundred five of this chapter shall be deemed one policyholder within the meaning of this section. In case any such policy or contract shall have been assigned by an assignment absolute on its face, to an assignee other than the company which shall have issued such policy, and in case the signature of such assignee, either attested by the assignor or acknowledged by the assignee, shall have been more than six months prior to any election hereinafter referred to, filed at the principal office of such company, then such assignee shall be deemed a policyholder within the meaning of this section. In the case of every policy or contract of group insurance or group annuity contract, issued by such company, the employer, or other person, firm, corporation or association to whom or in whose name the master policy shall have been issued and held, shall be deemed one policyholder within the meaning of this section. Whenever in this section reference is made to a policy of life insurance for one thousand dollars or more, such reference shall be deemed to include, as equivalent thereto, an annuity contract which at normal date of maturity requires the payment of one hundred dollars or more annually, and a pure endowment contract for the principal sum of one thousand dollars or more. (B) "Acknowledged", when used in reference to any instrument or signature, shall have the same meaning which it has in reference to conveyances of real property eligible for recording under section two hundred ninety-one of the real property law. (b) (1) Every participating policyholder of such company and every policyholder of such company whose policy or contract is a non-participating policy or contract described in the first sentence of paragraph one of subsection (e) of section four thousand two hundred thirty-one of this article, or a variable annuity contract subject to paragraph one of subsection (d) of section four thousand two hundred forty of this article and whose policy or contract shall be in force and shall have been in force for at least one year prior to any such election shall be entitled, without further qualification, to vote thereat, either in person or by mail or by proxy, as hereinafter provided, except that any company may adopt a resolution amending its charter or by-laws so as to provide that all voting by policyholders for directors shall be by ballot alone and not by proxy. In the event any company adopts such an amendment, all mention of proxy or proxies or of persons to receive proxies in this section, shall not apply to such company and such company shall conduct its elections only by means of ballots as long as such amendment is in effect. Any such company may, upon the approval of the superintendent, confer, upon all or any class of its non-participating policyholders holding a policy or contract issued pursuant to the special permit granted by the superintendent in accordance with paragraph one of subsection (e) of section four thousand two hundred thirty-one of this article, the same rights to vote for directors possessed by its participating policyholders. The superintendent may give such approval if he finds that the proposed change is in conformity with the requirements of law and that the representation of the policyholders therein conferred is equitable and reasonable. (2) Every other person having a right to vote in any such election by virtue of any contract which was made prior to April twenty-seventh, nineteen hundred six, and which shall be in force at the time of such election, shall be entitled to vote thereat in similar manner. (3) In any election of directors of a domestic mutual life insurance company pursuant to the provisions of this section, every policyholder shall be entitled to one vote only, irrespective of the number of policies or contracts held by him and of the amount thereof. (c) (1) Not less than five months nor more than eight months prior to any such election, on request of not less than twenty-five policyholders entitled to vote at the last prior election, which request must be subscribed and affirmed as true under the penalties of perjury by each of such policyholders and must be filed in duplicate with such company at least five days before any hearing thereon, the superintendent, after notice of not less than five days to such company and a hearing thereon, may in his discretion order such company within a period of not more than forty-five days and not less than thirty days thereafter, to file in his office, or in some suitable place designated by him and under his custody, a full and correct copy of its list or card catalogue of the names and last known postoffice addresses of all policyholders who have been such for at least six months under a policy of life insurance for one thousand dollars or more, or to file any part of such list or card catalogue as the superintendent specifies. (2) A list or any part thereof which may be so ordered filed pursuant to paragraph one hereof shall be arranged, classified and corrected as directed by the superintendent; and if one or more independent nominations are made, as specified in subsection (h) hereof, then such election shall be deemed a contested election and a complete list or card catalogue of names of all policyholders who are eligible to vote, as defined in this section, under a policy of life insurance for one thousand dollars or more shall be so filed within forty-five days after the copy of the certificate of such nominations, certified by the superintendent shall have been filed at the home office of such company, and such list or card catalogue shall be corrected from the records of such home office so that a list or card catalogue, as nearly correct as may be, shall be on file as aforesaid down to within three months of such election. (d) (1) Such list or card catalogue or any part thereof so filed, while in the custody of the superintendent, shall be subject to inspection, under regulations prescribed by him, at any time during business hours by any policyholder of such company or by his authorized representative, and in case of a contested election, under regulations to be prescribed by the superintendent, may be used in the canvass of the policyholders of the company. (2) After such election, or, if no independent nomination has been made, then after the time for such independent nominations has expired, such list or card catalogue shall be returned to the company filing the same. (e) If all or any class of the policyholders of any domestic stock life insurance company shall be entitled to vote at any election of the directors of such company, such policyholders, subject to the provisions of the company`s charter, shall be entitled to vote in person, by proxy or by mail, as herein provided, and under the conditions stated in subsection (c) hereof, a similar list or card catalogue of policyholders, qualified to vote, in accordance with the charter or by-laws of such corporation, except the holders of industrial policies, shall be filed and maintained in the office of the superintendent, or in some suitable place designated by him and under his custody, and at the home office of such company, respectively, similarly arranged and similarly subject to inspection and copy and withdrawal as in the case of mutual life insurance companies as above provided. (f) Where policyholders in any company shall have made nominations as hereinafter prescribed, they or a committee representing them, shall upon demand, and with the approval of the superintendent and the payment to the company of the actual cost of making such copies, be furnished by such company with a copy of such list of policyholders or with a copy therefrom of the policyholders residing in a designated territory. A copy of a list so taken, or of any part thereof, shall be held by persons receiving the same inviolate and solely for the purposes of said nominators in a pending election and shall not be transmitted to other persons for any other use whatever. At the close of the canvass of the votes all copies of such lists shall be returned to the company. (g) At least seven months prior to the date of any election of directors in any such company, the board of directors shall nominate candidates for every vacancy to be filled at such election and shall also appoint three persons, jointly or severally, to receive proxies to be voted for said nominees, and shall also file in duplicate with the superintendent and at its home office a certificate of the names of the candidates so nominated and of the persons so designated to receive said proxies, which shall be described as the "administration ticket." (h) (1) (A) In every such company which had over one hundred thousand policies or contracts of the kind or kinds specified in subsection (a) hereof, in force at its last preceding election, each in the amount of one thousand dollars or more, of life insurance or an equivalent thereto as hereinbefore provided, any policyholders, prospectively qualified as voters at the next ensuing election of directors, equal in number to one-tenth of one per centum of such total policies in force or five hundred, whichever number is greater, and in every other such company, any five hundred or more of such prospectively qualified voters, may make other nominations for one or more vacancies in the board of directors to be filled at any such election by filing with the superintendent, at least five months before the election, a certificate, subscribed and affirmed as true under the penalties of perjury by each of such policyholders, giving the names and addresses of the candidates nominated, the names and addresses of three persons jointly or severally, designated to receive proxies to be voted for said nominees, and an appropriate name or title designated by the superintendent to distinguish such ticket from the administration ticket and other nominations. (B) If the superintendent finds after investigation or hearing that such other nominations have been made as specified in this subsection, he may certify to such certificate. (C) Such nominators shall also file a copy of said certificate, certified by the superintendent, at the home office of the company at least five months before such election. (D) Any policyholder who will be qualified to vote at such ensuing election if he continues his policy or contract in force at the time of such election, shall be deemed prospectively qualified to vote thereat. (2) (A) All certificates of nomination shall be accompanied by a written acceptance of such nomination by each nominee thereon. (B) The supreme court in the judicial district in which such company has its home office may for cause shown direct the name of any candidate to be stricken from a ticket on file. (C) The provisions of subsection (k) hereof shall apply to any vacancy so created. (3) If no independent nomination shall have been made as provided in subsection (h) hereof, then the provisions of subsections (i) to (k), hereof inclusive, of this section, shall not be applicable, and such election of directors shall be conducted in accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as the superintendent may prescribe; but no votes shall be cast or counted except by ballot signed by the policyholder and for candidates nominated by the board of directors, in accordance with subsection (g) of this section or for such candidate as the board of directors may have nominated to fill vacancies among said candidates caused by the death, disability or refusal to stand as candidates of any one or more of those so nominated. (i) (1) (A) At least three months prior to any such contested election the company shall cause to be mailed, in a sealed envelope with postage prepaid, to each policyholder whose name shall be upon said complete list or card catalogue and whose policy shall still be in force, at his last known post-office address, a serially numbered official ballot in a form approved by the superintendent and containing the respective tickets nominated as hereinbefore provided and the names and addresses of the persons so appointed to receive proxies. A corresponding serially numbered stub or card containing the name and address of the policyholder to whom each ballot is sent shall be retained at the home office of the company for the purpose of identifying said ballot when returned. (B) Such official ballot shall be conveniently arranged under the names or titles by which the nominations have been designated and shall have printed upon it the name of the company, the post-office address of its home office, the number of directors to be elected and the names of those whose terms expire, the date of the election and instructions as herein provided for executing such official ballot or for the use of a proxy as herein provided and a designated space for the signature of the policyholder, the number of one of his policies and the signature of a subscribing witness. (C) No other or different ballot shall be used, except that a duplicate ballot or ballots may be supplied to any policyholder and voter or to the holder of his proxy, for his own use, pursuant to rules and regulations prescribed by the superintendent. (D) There shall be inclosed in such sealed envelope with such official ballot a suitable return gummed envelope having inscribed thereon the name and post-office address of the home office of the company, the corresponding serial number, and the words "ballot for directors". There shall also be inclosed in such sealed envelope or printed on the back of such ballot, a suitable blank proxy together with a statement of the right of the policyholder to vote either by mail or by proxy as herein provided or in person. (E) No other papers or written or printed matter shall be inclosed in such sealed envelope. Specimen copies of such sealed envelope, ballot and proxy shall be submitted to the superintendent for his approval, and no such envelope and inclosures shall be mailed unless the same shall have been approved by him. (2) A policyholder desiring to vote directly by mail must indicate the name of the nominee or nominees for whom he desires to vote or strike out the name or names of those for whom he does not desire to vote upon the official ballot so provided or must otherwise suitably indicate in the blank spaces thereon the nominee or nominees for whom he desires to vote, and must sign the said official ballot in his own handwriting in the presence of a subscribing witness, and place or cause to be placed thereon the number of at least one policy held by him. Failure to state or to correctly state such policy number shall not render a ballot void or subject the policyholder to any penalty. (3) Such policyholder desiring to vote directly by mail must inclose the official ballot so marked in such return envelope or in a similarly inscribed envelope. Such envelope containing the ballot sealed and postpaid shall be mailed by the policyholder to the home office of the company. No policyholder may vote for more than the number of directors so to be elected and all ballots upon which the intent of the policyholder does not fairly appear shall be void. (j) (1) A policyholder may vote by proxy executed to one or more of the persons designated in the certificates filed as provided in subsections (g) and (h) of this section. The execution of a proxy shall be attested by a subscribing witness and the proxy shall set forth the number of at least one policy held by the person giving it. A proxy shall not be valid unless executed within three months prior to the election and shall be used only at such election or any adjournment thereof and may not be revoked by the policyholder giving the same unless it appears that the policyholder was induced by fraud or misrepresentation to execute the proxy. (2) In exercising such proxy the holder or holders thereof shall vote only upon the official ballot, or the duplicate thereof, furnished to such policyholder as hereinbefore provided, to which such proxy shall be attached. In so voting the proxy holder shall sign said ballot in the name of the policyholder, and shall also sign his own name as proxy. (3) Ballots voted by proxy holders shall be mailed to the home office, or voted in person by said proxy holder, in the same manner as herein prescribed for ballots voted directly by policyholders. (k) (1) The votes at such contested election shall be limited to the candidates nominated as aforesaid and to substituted nominees chosen as follows: (A) In case any vacancy occurs more than five months prior to the day set for such election, the board of directors, if such vacancy occurs on the administration ticket, or a majority of the nominators, if such vacancy occurs on any independent ticket, shall nominate another candidate to fill such vacancy by filing at least one month prior to the date of such election a certificate of said nomination with the superintendent and a certified copy thereof at the home office of the company, and the name of the candidate so selected shall be set forth in the official ballot sent out by the company. (B) If such vacancy occurs within five months of such election then the board of directors, including those elected at such election, shall have power to fill such vacancy. (2) All ballots by mail shall be received, at the home office of the company holding such contested election, by two or more persons, one-half of whom shall be appointed for that purpose by the superintendent and one-half by the directors of the company. The compensation of the custodians so appointed shall be paid by the company. Such custodians shall keep a daily record of the envelopes marked as containing ballots for directors which are received at the home office, and shall securely retain them in their joint custody in safety vaults or compartments accessible only to such custodians and not to either of them separately, under regulations prescribed by the superintendent. Prior to the closing of the polls on election day said custodians shall deliver all ballots so received by them to the inspectors of election. (3) The election shall be held at the home office of the company. The polls shall be opened at ten o`clock in the forenoon and remain open until four o`clock in the afternoon of the day of the election, at which time they shall be closed. All votes cast at such election shall be by ballot as hereinbefore provided. (4) The superintendent shall appoint an adequate number of competent and disinterested inspectors of election and may appoint if necessary, expert accountants and other assistants and may authorize the procurement of stationery and supplies necessary for conducting the election and canvassing the votes. The reasonable compensation of such inspectors, expert accountants and other assistants prescribed by the superintendent, and other necessary disbursements approved by him, shall be paid by the company. Such inspectors shall have power to determine all questions concerning the verification of the ballots, the ascertainment of the validity thereof, the qualifications of the voters and the canvass of the vote, and with respect thereto shall act under such rules and regulations as are prescribed by the superintendent. (5) All envelopes marked substantially as hereinbefore prescribed received by mail at the office of the company at any time prior to the day of election or on that day before the polls are closed shall be forthwith delivered intact without opening to the custodians appointed as hereinbefore provided and before the polls are closed shall be delivered to the inspectors of election. (6) No person shall conceal or withhold or aid or abet any other person in concealing or withholding from the custodians or inspectors any such envelope; nor shall any person, other than an inspector, or an authorized assistant, open or aid or abet any person to open any such envelope. (7) No ballots received by mail at the office of the company or offered personally or by proxy after the polls are closed shall be counted. All ballots offered personally or under proxies and all ballots received by mail at the office of the company as aforesaid before the polls are closed shall be received by the inspectors subject to verification and ascertainment of the validity thereof and of the qualifications of the voters. (8) Immediately upon the closing of the polls the inspectors shall proceed to the examination of the ballots and shall canvass the votes lawfully cast. The canvass shall proceed from day to day and the inspectors, or a majority thereof, shall certify the result to the company and to the superintendent as soon as it is completed. Such certificate shall be subscribed and affirmed by such inspectors as true under the penalties of perjury. Unless contested by the superintendent or other qualified person pursuant to paragraph twelve hereof, the results so certified shall be decisive. The superintendent may require the inspectors to report for determination by him any questions upon which they may disagree. (9) Representatives designated by a majority of each three persons who shall have been appointed as aforesaid to receive proxies to be voted for tickets nominated for such contested election, in such number as shall be approved by the superintendent, may be present during the casting, verification and canvass of the votes. The compensation of such representatives shall not be a charge upon or paid from the funds of the company. (10) All ballots and proxies received by the inspectors of election shall immediately upon the completion of the canvass be placed in sealed packages and shall be preserved by the said inspectors for a period of four months, subject to the order of any court having jurisdiction of any proceedings relating thereto. The necessary expenses of preserving such ballots and proxies shall be paid by the company as a part of the expenses of such election. (11) The superintendent shall have power to supervise and direct the methods and procedure of any such contested election and to make all further needful rules and regulations concerning the same. The superintendent shall prescribe the method of distribution of ballots and proxies to policyholders, qualified to vote at such election, who are not included in such list or card catalogue, and shall prescribe reasonable rules and regulations for the casting of such ballots and the exercise of such proxies. All bills for or on account of the custodians of ballots and inspectors of election, their employees, assistants and other necessary expenses or disbursements, during the conduct of such contested election, and the canvass of the votes, shall be approved by the superintendent before payment by the company. (12) Any such contested election and the conduct thereof shall at all times, on petition of the superintendent or of any person or persons qualified with respect to any procedure or right therein which is in question, be subject to the supervision and control of the supreme court in the judicial district in which such company has its home office, in like manner as elections for state, county and municipal officers, so far as analogous thereto. (l) The inclusion by any such company of the name of any person in any list of policyholders required by this section shall not be construed as an admission by the company of the validity of any policy or contract and no such list shall be competent evidence against the corporation in any action or proceeding in which the question of the validity of any policy or contract or of any claim under it is involved. (m) (1) No insurance company, and no officer, agent or employee thereof shall knowingly omit, from any list or card catalogue herein required to be filed, the name of any policyholder required to be included therein, or shall knowingly omit to give the correct name and address of such policyholder, or shall knowingly give a wrong address, or shall expend, advance or lend any money of the company contrary to the provisions of this section. (2) Except where such expenditure is otherwise authorized or required by this section, no money of the company shall be expended in connection with any such election or in canvassing therefor, and no officer or agent of the company shall directly or indirectly make any advance or loan of such moneys to any person in connection with or for the purpose of such election or canvass unless the expenditure or loan is in a contested election and shall be limited to reasonable amounts authorized by the board of directors of the company and approved in advance by the superintendent. (3) No officer, salaried agent or employee of any such company shall, within the period between the filing of the nominations and the election, during business hours, devote any of his time to soliciting votes in support of or in opposition to any candidate or list of candidates in connection with any such election of directors. No officer, agent or employee of any such company shall compel or coerce any other such officer, agent or employee to support, work for, or oppose any candidate or any list of candidates. Neither the stationery or supplies of any such company nor office space devoted to the conduct of its business shall be used for furthering the interest of any ticket or candidate at any election of directors. Notwithstanding the above, the company may utilize the time of officers, employees and agents, office space, stationery and supplies in circumstances where money of the company may be expended pursuant to paragraph two of this subsection, but no officer, employee or agent shall in connection with any election be coerced to undertake activity outside the scope of the duties of the position of such officer, employee or agent. (4) No person, firm or corporation, whether connected with such company or otherwise, shall issue or cause to be issued any circular or other written or printed communication, either in behalf of or in opposition to any ticket or any candidate for election as director of such company which contains any false statement. (5) No policyholder shall sell or offer to sell any vote or proxy for any sum of money or anything of value. No agent shall be paid or receive any sum of money or anything of value in connection with the voting of a ballot or obtaining of a proxy. S 4211. Election of directors of domestic stock life insurance companies. (a) No election of directors of a domestic stock life insurance company shall be valid unless a copy of the notice of election shall have been filed in the office of the superintendent at least ten days before the day of such election in addition to the service thereof, as required by section six hundred five of the business corporation law. (b) Whenever any directors of such a company shall have resigned and successors shall have been chosen pursuant to the provisions of the by-laws, such successors shall not take office nor exercise their duties until ten days after written notice of their election shall have been filed in the office of the superintendent. (c) Policyholders of such an insurance company shall be eligible for election as directors or officers, whether or not they are shareholders. S 4212. Stock life insurance companies; voting power of policyholders. (a) (1) Any domestic stock life insurance company may, by amendment to its charter, confer upon its policyholders, or upon such of its policyholders as shall have a specified amount of insurance on their lives, the right to vote for all or any less number of directors of such company in a manner not inconsistent with this chapter. (2) Such amendment shall take effect upon approval by the superintendent. The superintendent may give such approval if he finds that the proposed change is in conformity with the requirements of law and that the representation of policyholders therein conferred is equitable and reasonable. (3) If the right to vote for all of the directors of such company is conferred upon such policyholders, then the election of directors shall thereafter be governed by the provisions of subsection (e) of section four thousand two hundred ten of this article. (b) This section shall not apply to any such company which has conferred voting power upon policyholders pursuant to any previous law effective before January first, nineteen hundred forty, but the voting rights of such policyholders shall continue to be governed by such previous law. S 4213. Industrial life insurance. (a) In this chapter "industrial life insurance" means that form of life insurance, either: (1) under which the premiums are payable weekly, or (2) under which the premiums are payable monthly or oftener, but less often than weekly, if the face amount of insurance provided in any such policy is less than one thousand dollars and if the words "industrial policy" are printed upon the policy as a part of the descriptive matter. (b) (1) No insurer or fraternal benefit society doing in this state the business of industrial life insurance shall deliver or issue for delivery in this state, and no agent or representative of any such company or society shall aid in so issuing or delivering, any policy of weekly premium industrial life insurance on the life of a person of the age, as determined by next birthday, of ten years or more, with knowledge that the amount of such policy, together with the amount of all other policies of weekly premium industrial life insurance then in force as premium paying insurance on the life of such person, exceeds one thousand dollars but nothing contained in this section shall affect the validity or enforceability, in accordance with its terms, of any such policy. (2) The amounts of weekly premium industrial life insurance referred to in this subsection shall not include dividend additions nor additional amounts payable under provisions for accidental death benefits. (3) Any rules or regulations of any such insurer or fraternal benefit society, which are designed to limit the amount of insurance, as herein provided, shall be filed with the superintendent. (c) No authorized life insurance company, including a cooperative life and accident insurance company and no authorized fraternal benefit society, shall deliver or issue for delivery in this state any policy or contract of industrial life insurance in the form of endowment insurance. (d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c) hereof, any domestic life insurance company or fraternal benefit society may issue in this state for delivery outside of this state through its agent or like representative in another state or foreign country any policy of industrial life insurance, in the form of endowment insurance, which insures the life of a non-resident of this state and which is not prohibited by the laws of such other state or foreign country. (e) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, on and after June first, nineteen hundred eighty, no policy of industrial life insurance shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state. S 4214. Industrial accident and industrial health insurance. (a) In this chapter: (1) "Industrial accident insurance" means that form of accident insurance wherein the premium is payable in the manner prescribed in subsection (a) of section four thousand two hundred thirteen of this article, covering such risks as death, dismemberment, loss of eyesight, or loss of time, as a result of accidental means. (2) "Industrial health insurance" means that form of health insurance wherein the premium is payable in the manner prescribed in subsection (a) of section four thousand two hundred thirteen of this article, covering such risk as loss of time caused by illness or sickness. (b) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, on and after June first, nineteen hundred eighty, no policy designated or sold as an industrial accident insurance or industrial health insurance policy shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state; provided, however, that this prohibition shall not prevent the delivery or issuance for delivery of a policy approved by the superintendent where the premium is payable weekly or monthly and such policy is approvable under other provisions of this chapter. S 4215. Contracts with industrial life insurance agents; prohibitions. (a) No life insurance company licensed to do business in this state shall make any contract with any agent, superintendent or other representative employed in this state which provides: (1) That the company shall charge against the past, present or future compensation of the agent, superintendent or other representative, either salary or commission, any sum of money as a result of the surrender for cash of any industrial policy by any policyholder; (2) That the company shall charge against the past, present or future compensation of the agent, superintendent or other representative, either salary or commission, any sum of money as a result of the lapse of any industrial policy that has been in force for three years or longer. (b) The provisions of subsection (a) hereof shall not prohibit the company from contracting with its agents, superintendents or other representatives, to charge any agent, superintendent or other representative, a sum not exceeding the commission on any policy written by the agent, superintendent or other representative on the life of any person, or any relative sharing the home with the person, who has terminated a policy of the company not more than three months before or who terminates such a policy within three months after the policy was written. S 4216. Group life insurance; premium requirements; notice of conversion; filing of compensation. (a) (1) In this chapter: (A) "Group life insurance" means that form of life insurance covering any one of the groups specified in subsection (b) hereof, which is written under a policy issued to the policyholder as hereinafter defined, and which in all other respects conforms to the requirements of subsection (b) hereof. (B) "Certificate holder," as used in relation to a group life insurance policy, means the person to whom a certificate evidencing such insurance is issued under any such policy, as hereinafter provided. (2) In this section, for the purposes of insurance hereunder: "employees" may be deemed to include (i) the officers, managers, employees and retired employees of the employer and of subsidiary or affiliated corporations of a corporate employer, and the individual proprietors, partners, employees and retired employees of affiliated individuals and firms controlled by the employer through stock ownership, contract or otherwise; (ii) the individual proprietor or partner if the employer is an individual proprietor or a partnership; (iii) as used in paragraph one of subsection (b) hereof, the directors of the employer and of subsidiary or affiliated corporations of a corporate employer; and (iv) as used in paragraphs four and five of subsection (b) hereof, the trustees or their employees, or both, if their duties are principally connected with such trusteeship. (b) Any life insurance company authorized to do business in this state may deliver in this state policies of group life insurance only as follows: (1) A policy issued to an employer or to a trustee or trustees of a fund established by an employer, which employer or trustees shall be deemed the policyholder, insuring with or without evidence of individual insurability satisfactory to the insurer, employees of such employer, and insuring, except as hereinafter provided, all of such employees or all of any class or classes thereof determined by conditions pertaining to the employment, or by a combination of such conditions and conditions pertaining to the family status of the employee, for amounts of insurance on each person insured based upon some plan which will preclude individual selection. However, such a plan may permit a limited number of selections by employees if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. The premium for the policy shall be paid by the policyholder, either wholly from the employer`s funds or funds contributed by him or from funds contributed by the insured employees, or from funds contributed jointly by the employer and employees. If all or part of the premium is to be derived from funds contributed by the insured employees, such policy must insure not less than fifty percent of such eligible employees or, if less, fifty or more of such employees. Except as provided in subsection (b) of section four thousand two hundred thirty-one of this article and in paragraph five of subsection (a) of section three thousand two hundred twenty of this chapter, such policy shall provide for payment of all benefits thereunder, to the person insured or to some beneficiary or beneficiaries other than the employer, and shall provide for the issuance of a certificate to the policyholder for delivery to the person insured or to such beneficiary, as evidence of such insurance. (2) A policy issued to a labor union, which shall be deemed the policyholder insuring, with or without evidence of individual insurability satisfactory to the insurer, not less than twenty-five members of such union, and insuring, except as hereinafter provided all of the members of such union or all of any class or classes thereof determined by conditions pertaining to their employment or membership in the union, or both, and who are actively engaged in their occupations, for amounts of insurance on each person insured based upon some plan which will preclude individual selection. However, such a plan may permit a limited number of selections by members if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. The premium on such policy may be paid by the union, by the members, or by the union and its members jointly. If the premium is paid by the members or by the union and its members jointly such policy must insure not less than fifty percent of such eligible members or, if less, fifty or more of such members. Except as provided in paragraph five of subsection (a) of section three thousand two hundred twenty of this chapter, such policy shall provide for the payment of benefits to the person insured or to some beneficiary or beneficiaries, other than the union or any of its officials, representatives or agents, and shall provide for the issuance of a certificate to the union for delivery to the person insured or to such beneficiary, as evidence of such insurance. Any such policy may vary from the foregoing requirements, as follows: (A) if the policy is cancellable at the option of the insurer at the end of any policy year and if the basis of premium rates may be changed by the insurer at the beginning of any policy year, all members of such labor union may be insured thereunder; (B) if and when members of such union apply for and pay for additional amounts of insurance, a smaller percentage of such members than fifty percent may, with evidence of individual insurability satisfactory to the insurer, be insured thereunder for such additional amounts. (3) (A) A policy issued to a creditor or vendor, or to a trustee or agent designated by two or more creditors or vendors, which creditor, vendor, trustee, or agent shall be deemed the policyholder, except as hereinafter provided. (B) The policy shall insure all of the members, but may exclude any as to whom evidence of individual insurability is not satisfactory to the insurer, of a group of debtors or vendees, defined as follows: (i) all of the borrowers, or borrowers and guarantors of borrowers, or intended borrowers (under a program for defraying the cost of attendance of a student at a college or university or at an elementary or secondary school providing education required for minors, which program includes provision for immediate periodic payments by the parent or guardian of such student and a loan commitment to such parent and guardian by a financial institution, or by or on behalf of a college or university or such an elementary or secondary school to defray the cost of attendance at such college or university or elementary or secondary school in excess of the accumulated periodic payments by the parent or guardian) from one financial institution and its subsidiary or affiliated companies, or from two or more creditors or vendors so designating such trustee, trustees or agent, or (ii) all of the purchasers of securities, merchandise or other property from one vendor, or from two or more vendors so designating such trustee or agent, or (iii) all of any class or classes of such debtors or purchasers determined by conditions pertaining to the type of indebtedness or purchase. (C) The policy may specify the ages to which the insurance provided shall be limited, provided however that if the insurance terminates at a particular age, the age at which it terminates shall be prominently displayed on the application for insurance. (D) If the agreement provides for repayment in instalments, the insurance may be continued for the duration of the debt over a period of not more than thirty-five years from the date the debt is first incurred; otherwise the insurance may be continued for a period not in excess of eighteen months except that such insurance may be continued for an additional period not exceeding six months in the case of default, extension or recasting of the loan. (E) Notwithstanding anything in this paragraph to the contrary, (i) the insurance of borrowers, who incur indebtedness arising from the granting of policy loans pursuant to policy provisions therefor, provided under a policy issued to the insurance company granting the policy loan, may be continued for the duration of the indebtedness, (ii) under a plan approved by the superintendent the insurance of debtors with respect to an agreement which does not provide for repayment in instalments may be continued for the duration of the indebtedness but not more than seven years from the date the indebtedness is incurred, and (iii) the insurance of persons who are tenants or shareholders of a mutual or other housing corporation (organized pursuant to the provisions of the private housing finance law and regulated by such statute as to rent, dividends and profits) under a policy issued with identifiable charges or fixed amounts of premiums to such corporation or to a trustee or trustees or agent designated by one or more such corporations may be continued for the term of the tenant`s lease with such corporation or thirty-six months or whichever is the greater period, and the amount of insurance with respect to any person insured under such policy may be a fixed amount not greater than the lesser of fifty-five thousand dollars or an amount equal to thirty-six times the monthly instalments due under such lease. (F) The benefits of any policy authorized under this paragraph shall be payable to the policyholder; but the amount of any benefit received by the policyholder thereunder not in excess of the actual indebtedness shall be applied by the policyholder to the discharge of any obligation of the person insured, or his personal representative, to the policyholder, creditor or his assignee and the amount of any benefit received by the policyholder thereunder in excess of the actual indebtedness shall be payable to a beneficiary named by the debtor or, if none, then either to the estate of the debtor or under the provision of a facility of payment clause. (G) No such group shall be eligible for insurance hereunder unless the new entrants to such group number at least twenty-five persons yearly. (H) The premium for the policy shall be paid by the policyholder, either from the creditor`s or vendor`s funds, or from charges collected from the insured debtors or purchasers, or from both. A policy on which all or part of the premium to be derived from the collection from the insured debtors or purchasers of identifiable charges not required of uninsured debtors or purchasers may be issued only if the policy reserves to the insurer the right to require evidence of individual insurability if less than seventy-five percent of the new entrants in any year become insured and provided that such policy shall not include, in the class or classes of debtors or purchasers eligible for insurance, debtors or purchasers under obligations outstanding at its date of issue without evidence of individual insurability unless at least seventy-five percent of the then eligible debtors or purchasers elect to pay the required charges. (I) The policy may be issued to an assignee to whom such creditor or vendor has transferred all of its right, title and interest to the unpaid indebtedness, or to the unpaid purchase price, under all such agreements made by it. (J) The amount of insurance on any person insured under a policy shall not at any time exceed: (i) in all cases except as hereinafter provided the lesser of fifty-five thousand dollars and the amount of unpaid indebtedness or the amount of the purchase price unpaid by such person; (ii) in the case of a loan commitment pursuant to the hereinabove program for defraying the cost of attendance of a student at a college or university or at such an elementary or secondary school, the lesser of fifty-five thousand dollars and the total of the unpaid balance of the scheduled periodic payments whether due or not due and the amount of any outstanding loan commitment pursuant to such a program; or (iii) in the case of a transaction secured by a real estate mortgage, the lesser of the sum of two hundred twenty thousand dollars and the amount of the indebtedness so secured. (iv) in the case of indebtedness arising from a credit card account where there is no specific charge for insurance, the lesser of the sum of one hundred thousand dollars or the amount of unpaid indebtedness. (K) (i) With respect to loans made by production credit associations organized pursuant to the federal Farm Credit Act of 1933, 12 U.S.C. SS 1131c - 1138c, and with respect to loans made by a bank, trust company or industrial bank to a borrower engaged in the business of farming, crop production or the raising, breeding, fattening or marketing of livestock for the purposes of such business and other requirements of the borrower, the amount of insurance may exceed the unpaid indebtedness and shall not be limited as to amount except that the insurance shall not exceed the greater of the loan commitment or the outstanding balance of the loan at the inception of the period for which the borrower is insured. (ii) With respect to loans made by Federal Land Banks established pursuant to an Act of Congress of the United States entitled the "Federal Farm Loan Act", approved July seventeenth, nineteen hundred sixteen, as amended, the amount of insurance on any person insured under the policy shall not at any time exceed the amount of the unpaid indebtedness at the inception of the period for which premiums are paid, but shall not otherwise be limited as to amount. (L) The superintendent shall prescribe from time to time regulations determining the procedures, terms and conditions applicable to a policy issued pursuant to this paragraph to the trustee or agent designated by two or more creditors or vendors. (M) Each insurer shall file with the superintendent its forms of policies, certificate statements and applications pertaining to credit insurance together with its premium rates for such insurance and the same shall be subject to his approval. The superintendent shall not approve any such forms if the premium charged is unreasonable in relation to the benefits provided. (N) For the purposes of this paragraph: (i) "creditor" includes a lessor of real or personal property, (ii) "borrower" includes a lessee of real or personal property, and (iii) "indebtedness" includes rentals payable under the lease of real or personal property. (4) A policy issued to a trustee or trustees of a fund established or participated in by two or more employers or by one or more labor unions, or by one or more employers and one or more labor unions, which trustee or trustees shall be deemed the policyholder, to insure employees of the employers or members of the unions for the benefit of persons other than the employers or the unions, subject to the following requirements: (A) The persons eligible for insurance shall be all of the employees of the employers or all of the members of the unions, or all of any class or classes thereof determined by conditions pertaining to their employment, or to membership in the unions, or to both. (B) The premium for the policy shall be paid by the trustees either wholly from funds contributed by the employer or employers of the insured persons or by the union or unions, or by both, or from funds contributed by the insured persons, or jointly from such funds and funds contributed by the insured persons specifically for their insurance. A policy on which no part of the premium is to be derived from funds contributed by the insured persons specifically for their insurance must insure all eligible persons, excluding any as to whom evidence of individual insurability is not satisfactory to the insurer. (C) The policy shall insure at least fifty persons at date of issue. (D) The amounts of insurance under the policy shall be based upon some plan precluding individual selection either by the insured persons or by the policyholder, employers, or unions. However, such a plan may permit a limited number of selections by employees or members if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. (E) With respect to a policy issued to a trustee or trustees of a fund established by one or more labor unions, or by one or more employers and one or more labor unions the proposed insured must submit, and the insurer must obtain, a written certification that a reasonable number of comparative bids have been obtained from different insurers and that such bids have been considered by the trustees before making a decision concerning which bid to accept. Such decision must be made at a trustees` meeting held on a date certain, and a copy of the minutes of such meeting must be attached to such certification. (5) A policy issued to a trustee or trustees of a fund established or participated in by the employer members of a trade association, which trustee or trustees shall be deemed the policyholder, to insure employees of such employers for the benefit of persons other than the association or the employers, subject to the following requirements: (A) The policy may be issued only if: (i) the association has been in existence for at least two years and was formed for purposes principally other than obtaining insurance, and (ii) the participating employers, meaning such employer members whose employees are to be insured, constitute at date of issue at least fifty percent of the total employers eligible to participate, unless the total number of persons covered at date of issue exceeds six hundred, in which event such participating employers must constitute at least twenty-five percent of such total employers, in either case omitting from consideration any employer whose employees are already covered for group life insurance; (B) The persons eligible for insurance under the policy shall be all of the employees of the participating employers, or all of any class or classes thereof determined by conditions pertaining to their employment. (C) The premium for the policy shall be paid by the trustee or trustees either wholly from funds contributed by the employers or by the employees or funds contributed jointly by the employers and the employees. A policy on which no part of the premium so payable is to be derived from funds contributed by the insured employees must insure all eligible employees, excluding any as to whom evidence of individual insurability is not satisfactory to the insurer; (D) The policy must cover at least fifty employees at date of issue; (E) The amounts of insurance under the policy must be based upon some plan precluding individual selection either by the employees or by the policyholder or the employer. However, such a plan may permit a limited number of selections by employees if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amount of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. (6) A policy issued to a duly organized association of civil service employees which shall include in its membership not less than five thousand civil service employees having a common employer, or to a duly organized association of teachers having a membership of not less than five thousand, which association, in either event, shall be deemed the policyholder, and which shall have been formed and is maintained for purposes other than to effect group life insurance on its members. Such policy shall insure only members of such association, with or without evidence of individual insurability satisfactory to the insurer, based upon a plan which will preclude individual selection. However, such a plan may permit a limited number of selections by members if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. The premium on such policy may be paid by the association or by the association and the insured members jointly or by the insured members alone. Every member of such association in good standing shall have opportunity to apply for such insurance and not less than sixty percent of the eligible members in good standing may be so insured. Such policy shall provide for the payment of benefits, except policy dividends, to the person insured or to some beneficiary or beneficiaries, other than the association or any of its officers or directors, as such, and shall also provide for the issuance of a certificate to the association for delivery to the person insured or to such beneficiary, as evidence of such insurance. (7) A policy insuring the members of one or more troops or units of the state troopers or state police of any state, issued to the commanding officer of the state troopers or state police, who shall be deemed the policyholder, the premium on which is to be paid by the members insured; or a policy covering the members of one or more duly incorporated policemen`s benevolent associations or of one or more associations or organizations of uniformed firemen or volunteer firefighters or volunteer ambulance workers which association or organization shall have been in existence for at least two years prior to the issuance of such policy and which shall have twenty-five members at the time of the issuance of such policy, which shall be issued to such association or to a trustee or trustees of a fund established, or participated in, by one or more of such associations or organizations as the policyholder. If the opportunity to take such insurance is offered to all eligible members of a unit of such state troopers or state police, or to all eligible members of such incorporated policemen`s benevolent association or of an association or organization of uniformed firemen, volunteer firefighters, then not less than fifty percent of such members or, if less, fifty or more of such members may be so insured. If the insurance is limited to those eligible members who are employed as state troopers, policemen, firemen or volunteer ambulance workers, then not less than sixty percent or five hundred of such members, whichever is less, may be so insured. Such policy shall provide for the payment of benefits, except policy dividends, to the person insured or to some beneficiary or beneficiaries, other than such commanding officer or such association or any of its officials, as such, and shall also provide for the issuance of a certificate to the policyholder for delivery to the person insured or to such beneficiary, as evidence of such insurance. For the purposes of this paragraph any association currently holding premium dividends as a result of policies issued under this section shall be permitted to maintain said dividends for the general purposes of the entire membership. For the purposes of this paragraph the term "eligible members of an association of volunteer firefighters or volunteer ambulance workers" means members who perform services in fire-fighting duties or members of a volunteer exempt fire benevolent association who are entitled to benefits from the expenditures of foreign fire insurance tax moneys, including, inactive exempt volunteer firefighters as defined by section two hundred of the general municipal law or in ambulance-related duties, respectively. The amounts of insurance may be based upon a plan which permits a limited number of selections by the members if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. (8) (A) A policy issued to a municipal corporation or a public housing authority, which corporation or authority shall be deemed the policyholder, insuring, with or without evidence of individual insurability satisfactory to the insurer, not less than twenty-five employees of such corporation or authority, except that in each of the villages of Croton-on-Hudson and Lloyd Harbor not less than ten such employees, and insuring all of such employees or all of any class or classes thereof determined by conditions pertaining to the employment, for amounts of insurance on each person insured based upon some plan which will preclude individual selection. However, such a plan may permit a limited number of selections by employees if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. (B) The premium for the policy may be paid either by the policyholder or by the insured employees, or both, in the manner provided in section ninety-three of the general municipal law. If a part of the premium is to be derived from funds contributed by insured employees, the policy must insure not less than seventy-five percent of all eligible employees. Such policy shall provide for the payment of benefits to the person insured or to some beneficiary or beneficiaries other than the municipal corporation or the public housing authority, and shall also provide for the issuance of a certificate to the policyholder for delivery to the person insured or to such beneficiary, as evidence of such insurance. A policy on which no part of the premium is to be derived from funds contributed by the insured employees specifically for their insurance must insure all eligible employees, or all except any as to whom evidence of individual insurability is not satisfactory to the insurer. (C) Subject to the constitution and general laws of this state, every municipal corporation or public housing authority is empowered to contract by its fiscal or disbursing officer with an authorized life insurance company for group life insurance on the lives of its employees. (9) A policy issued to the state covering, with or without evidence of individual insurability satisfactory to the insurer, persons who are managerial or confidential employees, or retired managerial or confidential employees, of governments or public employers for the purposes of article fourteen of the civil service law. The state shall be deemed to be the policyholder. With respect to its employees, the state and each other participating government or public employer shall be deemed to be the employer. The premiums or subscription charges may be derived from funds contributed entirely by insured employees and retired employees or by insured employees and retired employees and the employer jointly or entirely by the employer. If the premiums or subscription charges are derived from funds contributed wholly by the employer, all eligible employees are to be covered. If all or part of the premiums or subscription charges are to be derived from funds contributed by insured employees and if the opportunity to take such insurance is offered to all eligible employees of an employer, then such policy must cover not less than forty percent of such employees, the calculation being with respect to each employer individually. The amounts of insurance may be based upon a plan which permits a limited number of selections by the employees if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. (10) A policy issued to an association, or to a trustee or trustees of a fund established, created or maintained for the benefit of members of one or more associations, all of whose eligible members have the same profession, trade or occupation, which association or associations have been organized and maintained in good faith for purposes principally other than that of obtaining insurance and have been in active existence for at least two years. The policy shall insure members, or employees of members, of such association or associations, and except as provided in paragraph five of subsection (a) of section three thousand two hundred twenty of this chapter, such policy shall provide for the payment of benefits to the person insured or some beneficiary or beneficiaries other than employers and the association or associations, or any officials, representatives, trustees or agents thereof and shall provide for the issuance of a certificate to the persons insured or such beneficiary as evidence of such insurance. The members or employees eligible for the insurance under the policy shall be all the members who have not attained any limiting age specified in the policy, or all such members and their employees, or all of any class or classes thereof determined by conditions pertaining to their employment or to association membership or both. The premium for the policy shall be paid by the association or trustee or trustees either from funds contributed by the association or by the insured individuals, or from funds contributed jointly by the association and insured individuals specifically for their insurance. A policy on which all or part of the premium is to be derived from funds contributed by the insured individuals specifically for their insurance must insure at least fifty percent of the then eligible individuals or a minimum of two hundred individuals, whichever is less, excluding any as to whom evidence of individual insurability is not satisfactory to the insurer. A policy on which no part of the premium is to be derived from funds contributed by the insured individuals specifically for their insurance must insure all eligible individuals, excluding any as to whom evidence of individual insurability is not satisfactory to the insurer. The policy must insure at least one hundred individuals at date of issue. The amounts of insurance on employees or members insured under the policy shall be based upon some plan precluding individual selection. However, such a plan may permit a limited number of selections by employees or members if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. If a policy dividend is declared or a reduction in rate is made under such a policy, the excess, if any, of the aggregate dividends or rate reductions under the policy over the aggregate expenditure for insurance under such policy made from association or employer funds, including expenditures made in connection with administration of such policy, shall be applied by the policyholder for the sole benefit of the insured individuals. (11) A policy, covering persons employed pursuant to 32 U.S.C. S 709, members of the national guard on full-time training duty under provisions of such title 32, or on active duty or active duty for training under provisions of title 10 of the United States Code, under the full-time manning program, issued to the adjutant general, who shall be deemed the policyholder, or to a trustee or trustees of a fund established, created, or maintained for the benefit of such individuals insured, which trustee or trustees shall be deemed the policyholder, the premium of which is to be paid by the individuals insured either directly or by deduction from wages or salary. The policy must insure at least fifty percent or four hundred of the individuals eligible for such insurance, whichever is less. Such policy shall provide for the payment of benefits to the individual insured or to some beneficiary or beneficiaries other than to the aforesaid trustee or trustees or the adjutant general. The policy shall also provide for the issuance of a certificate to the policyholder for delivery to the individual insured or to such beneficiary, as evidence of such insurance. The amounts of insurance may be based upon a plan which permits a limited number of selections by the members provided the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. (12) A policy issued to an association, or the trustee or trustees of a trust established, or participated in, by one or more associations, to insure association members subject to the following: (A) Each association shall have (i) A minimum of two hundred insured members at the policy`s date of issue; (ii) Been organized and maintained in good faith for purposes principally other than that of obtaining insurance; (iii) Been in active existence for at least two years; and (iv) A constitution and by-laws which provide that: (I) The association holds regular meetings not less than annually to further purposes of the association; (II) The association collects dues or solicits contributions from members; and (III) The members have voting privileges and representation on the governing board and committees. (B) The premium for the policy shall be paid by the association or trustees either wholly from funds contributed by the association or by the insured individuals, or from funds contributed jointly by the association and insured individuals. A policy on which no part of the premium is to be derived from funds contributed by the insured individuals specifically for their insurance must insure all eligible individuals excluding any as to whom evidence of individual insurability is not satisfactory to the insurer. (C) The amounts of insurance under the policy shall be based upon some plan precluding individual selection either by the insured persons or by an association. However, such a plan may permit a number of selections by the association, if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. Furthermore, such plan may permit a limited number of selections by members if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. (D) Except as provided in paragraph five of subsection (a) of section three thousand two hundred twenty of this chapter, such policy shall provide for the payment of benefits to the person insured or to some beneficiary or beneficiaries, other than the association or any officials, representatives, trustees or agents thereof and shall provide for the issuance of a certificate to the persons insured or such beneficiary, as evidence of such insurance. (E) The premiums charged must be reasonable in relation to the benefits provided. (13) A policy issued to any organization, or the trustee or trustees of a trust established, or participated in, by one or more of such organizations to insure certain persons subject to the following: (A) The organization must be: (i) A bank, retailer or other issuer of a credit card, charge card or payment card which can be used to buy goods or services, and the policy must insure holders of that card; (ii) A bank, savings and loan association, credit union, mutual fund, money market fund, stockbroker or other similar financial institution regulated by state or federal law, and the policy must insure the depositors, account holders or members of that institution. (B) Except for a credit union where the premium shall be paid entirely from funds contributed by the credit union, the organization or organizations shall have a minimum of two hundred insured persons at the policy`s date of issue. (C) The premium for the policy shall be paid by the organization or trustees either wholly from funds contributed by the organization or by the insured individuals, or from funds contributed jointly by the organization and insured individuals. A policy on which no part of the premium is to be derived from funds contributed by the insured individuals specifically for their insurance must cover all eligible individuals excluding any as to whom evidence of individual insurability is not satisfactory to the insurer. (D) The amounts of insurance under the policy shall be based upon some plan precluding individual selection either by the insured persons or by the organization. However, such plan may permit a number of selections by the organization if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. Furthermore, such a plan may permit a limited number of selections by members if the selections offered utilize a consistent pattern of grading the amounts of insurance for individual group members so that the resulting pattern of coverage is reasonable. (E) Except as provided in paragraph five of subsection (a) of section three thousand two hundred twenty of this chapter, such policy shall provide for the payment of benefits to the persons insured or to some beneficiary or beneficiaries other than the organization, or any official, representatives, trustees or agents thereof, and shall provide for the issuance of a certificate to the persons insured or such beneficiary, as evidence of such insurance. (F) The premiums charged must be reasonable in relation to the benefits provided. (14) A policy issued to insure any other group approved by the superintendent upon a finding that: (A) There is a common enterprise or economic or social affinity or relationship; (B) The premiums charged are reasonable in relation to the benefits provided; and (C) The issuance of the policy would result in economies of acquisition or administration, would be actuarially sound, and would not be contrary to the best interest of the public. The superintendent shall promulgate regulations setting forth any such groups that have been accepted as qualifying pursuant to this paragraph. (c) (1) No domestic, foreign or alien life insurance company shall be permitted to do business in this state if it hereafter issues, within or without this state, any policy of group life insurance which on its issuance does not appear to be self-supporting on reasonable assumptions as to interest, mortality and expense. (2) Anything in this chapter to the contrary notwithstanding, any group life insurance policy issued or delivered in this state may provide for readjustment of the rate of premium based on the experience thereunder, at the end of the first year or of any subsequent year of insurance thereunder, and such readjustment may be made retroactive only for such policy year. Any such rate readjustment shall be computed on a basis which is equitable to all group life insurance policies. (d) In the event a group life insurance policy hereafter issued for delivery in this state permits a certificate holder to convert to another type of life insurance within a specified time after the happening of an event, such certificate holder shall be notified of such privilege and its duration within fifteen days before or after the happening of the event, provided that if such notice be given more than fifteen days, but less than ninety days after the happening of such event, the time allowed for the exercise of such privilege of conversion shall be extended for forty-five days after the giving of such notice. If such notice be not given within ninety days after the happening of the event, the time allowed for the exercise of such conversion privilege shall expire at the end of such ninety days. Written notice by the policyholder given to the certificate holder or mailed to the certificate holder at his last known address, or written notice by the insurer mailed to the certificate holder at the last address furnished to the insurer by the policyholder, shall be deemed full compliance with the provisions of this subsection for the giving of notice. (e) Each domestic insurer and each foreign or alien insurer doing business in this state shall file with the superintendent its schedule of rates of commissions, compensation and other fees or allowances to agents and brokers pertaining to the solicitation or sale of group life insurance and of fees or allowances, exclusive of amounts payable to persons who are in the regular employ of the insurer other than as agent, to any individuals, firms or corporations pertaining to the service or administration of group life insurance, whether transacted within or without this state. An insurer may revise such schedules from time to time, and shall file such revised schedules with the superintendent. No insurer shall pay to an agent, agents, broker or brokers or any combination of licensees for the solicitation or sale of a policy of group life insurance or for any other purpose related to such group insurance any commission, compensation or other fees or allowances in excess of that determined on the basis of the schedules of such insurer as then on file with the superintendent; nor shall such insurer pay for services pertaining to the service or administration thereof to any individual, firm or corporation any fees, commissions or allowances in excess of that determined on the basis of the schedules of such insurer as then on file with the superintendent or for such services except such as are rendered in behalf of such insurer, provided, however, nothing contained herein shall apply to or affect the computation of dividends or experience rating credits. (f) Any policy of group life insurance may include provisions for the payment by the insurer of life insurance benefits upon the death of the spouse of the insured employee or member or his or her child dependent upon him or her for support and maintenance or any other person dependent upon the insured employee or member, provided that insurance upon the life of the spouse or other person shall not exceed the amount of insurance for which the employee or member is eligible, nor shall the insurance upon the life of each dependent child so insured exceed twenty-five thousand dollars. A policy of insurance issued in accordance with paragraph three of subsection (b) of this section, while it may provide coverage for a spouse of the insured employee or member, it shall not, however, provide coverage for a dependent child of the insured employee or member. An insurer providing group life insurance for a spouse or dependent children shall require evidence of insurability sufficient to protect against substantial adverse selection. (g) An insurer authorized or licensed to do business in this state may solicit or make available credit life insurance coverage in this state as provided for in paragraph three of subsection (b) of this section under a policy of group life insurance only if the policy is delivered to policyholders described in and conforming to the definition in paragraph three of subsection (b) of this section, and with respect to all credit transactions entered into in this state, the policy fully complies with the requirements of paragraph twelve of subsection (a) of section three thousand two hundred twenty of this chapter. (h)(1) Any dividend hereafter apportioned on any participating group insurance policy, or any rate reduction hereafter made or continued on any non-participating group policy for the first or any subsequent year of insurance under any such policy heretofore or hereafter issued under paragraph twelve, thirteen or fourteen of subsection (b) of this section, may be applied to reduce the policyholder`s part of the cost of such policy, except that the excess, if any, of the insured`s aggregate contribution under the policy over the net cost (gross premium less dividends or rate reductions) of the insurance shall be applied at the discretion of the insurer either as a cash payment to the insured or to reduce the insured`s premium, unless the insured assigns the dividend or rate reduction to the policyholder. If a dividend or rate reduction is payable upon termination of the policy the insurer shall either make payment to the insured or to the policyholder upon receipt of a certification from the policyholder that the dividend or rate reduction will be distributed by the policyholder to the insureds or applied to reduce the insured`s premium. (2) The provisions of paragraph one of this subsection shall apply to New York residents insured under a policy issued in any other jurisdiction to a group which is not of the type described in paragraphs one through eleven of subsection (b) of this section. (i) (1) The provisions of subsections (d), (f) and (h) of this section shall not apply to policies issued under the authority of subsection (d) of section three thousand two hundred five of this chapter, provided such policies are issued in compliance with the requirements of subsection (d) and subsection (e) of section three thousand two hundred five of this chapter. (2) Any life insurance company authorized to do business in this state may deliver in this state policies of group insurance issued to an employer or to the trustee of a fund established by one or more employers, or one or more employers and one or more labor unions without complying with the provisions of paragraphs one and four of subsection (b) of this section where group insurance is issued under the authority of subsection (d) of section three thousand two hundred five of this chapter. S 4217. Valuation of insurance policies and contracts. (a) (1) The superintendent shall annually value, or cause to be valued, the reserve liabilities (hereinafter called reserves) for all outstanding insurance policies and contracts of every life insurance company doing business in this state, except that, in the case of an alien company, such valuation shall be limited to its United States business, and may certify the amount of any such reserves, specifying the mortality table or tables, rate or rates of interest and methods (net level premium method or other) used in the calculation of such reserves. In calculating such reserves, the superintendent may use group methods and approximate averages for fractions of a year or otherwise. (2) In lieu of the valuation of the reserves herein required of any foreign or alien company, the superintendent may accept any valuation made, or caused to be made, by the insurance supervisory official of any state or other jurisdiction when such valuation complies with the minimum standard herein provided and if the official of such state or jurisdiction accepts as sufficient and valid for all legal purposes the certificate of valuation of the superintendent when such certificate states the valuation to have been made in a specified manner according to which the aggregate reserves would be at least as large as if they had been computed in the manner prescribed by the law of that state or jurisdiction. (3) (A) The superintendent may, in his discretion, vary the standards of mortality applicable to policies of insurance on substandard lives and other extra-hazardous lives issued by any life insurance company doing business in this state. (B) He may also, in his discretion, vary the standards of interest and mortality applicable to contracts issued by an alien insurer in countries other than the United States, if such alien insurer maintains the trusteed surplus prescribed by section one thousand three hundred twelve of this chapter. (4) (A) Any life insurance company doing business in this state which has adopted as a basis for the valuation of its insurance policies and contracts standards producing greater reserves in the aggregate than the minimum standards herein prescribed may continue to use such higher standards as a basis of valuation. (B) After January first, nineteen hundred forty, any life insurance company doing business in this state may, subject to the provisions of paragraph eight of subsection (c) of this section, adopt as the basis for the valuation of its insurance policies and contracts standards producing greater reserves in the aggregate than the minimum standards herein prescribed; and any such company which shall have at any time adopted such higher standards of valuation may, with the approval of the superintendent, adopt lower standards of valuation, but in no case lower than the minimum standards herein prescribed, provided, however, that, for the purposes of this paragraph, the holding of additional reserves determined by a qualified actuary to be necessary to render the opinion required by subsection (e) of this section shall not be deemed to be the adoption of a higher standard of valuation. (C) The superintendent may approve any such change if he finds that the proposed standards are for the best interests of the holders of the policies and contracts and annuitants of such company. (D) Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to affect the contractual rights or obligations of the holder of any such policy or contract. (b) (1) This subsection shall apply only to those policies and contracts issued prior to the operative date of section four thousand two hundred twenty-one of this article. (2) Except as provided in paragraph six hereof the legal minimum standards for the valuation of life insurance contracts shall be as follows: (A) For the valuation of all such contracts issued before the first day of January, nineteen hundred one, it shall be the Actuaries` or Combined Experience Table of Mortality with interest at four percent per annum. (B) For the valuation of such contracts issued on or after said day, except as provided in subparagraphs (C) and (D) hereof, it shall be the American Experience Table of Mortality with Craig`s extension for ages under ten years and with interest at three and one-half percent per annum. (C) For the valuation of group term insurance policies under which premium rates are not guaranteed for a period in excess of five years, it shall be the American Men Ultimate Table of Mortality with interest at three and one-half percent per annum. (D) Any life insurance company may, at its option, value its life insurance contracts issued on or after the first day of January, nineteen hundred thirty, in accordance with their terms on the basis of the American Men Ultimate Table of Mortality, supplemented by such extension and modification for ages under twenty years, as may be approved by the superintendent, with interest at three and one-half percent per annum by the level net premium method or by the modified preliminary term method prescribed in paragraph four hereof. (3) Life insurance policies issued on or after the first day of January, nineteen hundred seven, may, at the option of the insurer, be valued in accordance with their terms by the modified preliminary term method prescribed in paragraph four hereof, or in accordance with the select and ultimate method on the basis that the rate of mortality during the first five years after the issuance of said contracts respectively shall be calculated according to the following percentages of the rates shown by the American Experience Table of Mortality: For the first insurance year, fifty percent thereof; for the second insurance year, sixty-five percent thereof; for the third insurance year, seventy-five percent thereof; for the fourth insurance year, eighty-five percent thereof; and for the fifth insurance year, ninety-five percent thereof. (4) (A) Life insurance policies may provide for not more than one year of preliminary term insurance by incorporating in the provisions thereof specifying the premium consideration to be received by the insurer, a clause plainly showing that the first year`s insurance under such policies is term insurance, purchased by the whole or a part of the premium to be received during the first policy year. (B) Such policies may, in accordance with their terms, be valued on the basis of the mortality tables and interest rates prescribed in paragraph two hereof, by the modified preliminary term plan described as follows: If the premium charged for term insurance under a limited payment life preliminary term policy providing for the payment of all premiums thereon in less than twenty years from the date of the policy, or under an endowment preliminary term policy, exceeds that charged for like insurance under twenty payment life preliminary term policies of the same company, the reserve thereon at the end of any year, including the first, shall be not less than the reserve on a twenty payment life preliminary term policy issued in the same year and at the same age, together with an amount which shall be equivalent to the accumulation of a level net premium sufficient to provide for a pure endowment at the end of the premium paying period equal to the difference between items (i) and (ii) hereof as follows: (i) the value at the end of such period of such a twenty payment life preliminary term policy and (ii) the full level net premium reserve at such time of such a limited payment life or endowment policy. (C) The premium paying period referred to above is the period during which premiums are concurrently payable under such twenty payment life preliminary term policy and such limited payment life or endowment policy. (5) (A) The legal minimum standard for the valuation of all individual annuity contracts issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred forty (including life annuities provided or available under optional modes of settlement in insurance contracts issued on or after such date) shall be the Combined Annuity Tables with age set back one year, with interest at three and one-half percent per annum. (B) The legal minimum standard for the valuation of all individual annuity contracts issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred forty (including annuities provided or available under optional modes of settlement in insurance contracts issued prior to such date) shall be in accordance with the provisions of law applicable thereto as of the date of issuance. (C) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs three and four of subsection (c) hereof for group annuity and pure endowment contracts, the legal minimum standard for the valuation of all group annuity contracts shall be the 1971 Group Annuity Mortality Table, or any modification of this table approved by the superintendent, and five percent interest. (D) Annuities, annuity benefits and guaranteed interest contracts to which this subsection applies shall be subject to item (vi) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph four of subsection (c) of this section. (6) (A) The legal minimum standard for the valuation of all industrial life insurance policies issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred forty shall, at the option of the company, be either (i) the 1941 Standard Industrial Mortality Table or the 1941 Substandard Industrial Mortality Table, with interest at three and one-half percent per annum by the net level premium method, or (ii) either of the tables specified in item (i) hereof, by the modified preliminary term method prescribed in paragraph four hereof, in accordance with the terms of the policy, or (iii) in the case of policies issued on the monthly premium plan, the New York Standard Intermediate Table of Mortality (1907 Table) with interest at three and one-half percent per annum. In lieu of such tables, at the option of the company, the Standard Industrial Mortality Table (1907) or the Substandard Industrial Mortality Table (1907) may be used with respect to such policies issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred forty-two. (B) The legal minimum standard for the valuation of all industrial life insurance policies issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred forty shall be the minimum standard required by the law of this state in force at the date of issuance. (7) The legal minimum standard for the valuation of all accidental death benefits and disability benefits, provided in connection with or supplemental to life insurance policies or annuity contracts shall be such tables as the superintendent may prescribe. (c) (1) This subsection shall apply only to policies and contracts issued on or after the operative date of section four thousand two hundred twenty-one of this article, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs three and four of this subsection for group annuity and pure endowment contracts issued prior to such operative date. (2) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs three, four and ten of this subsection, the minimum standard for the valuation of all such policies and contracts shall be the commissioners reserve valuation method defined in paragraph six of this subsection and in section four thousand two hundred eighteen of this article, three percent interest for all life insurance policies issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred sixty-six and for all individual annuity and pure endowment contracts issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred sixty, or three and one-half percent interest for all life insurance policies issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred sixty-six and prior to June thirteenth, nineteen hundred seventy-four and for all individual annuity and pure endowment contracts issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred sixty, and prior to the operative date of paragraph three of this subsection, or four percent interest for all life insurance policies issued on or after June thirteenth, nineteen hundred seventy-four and prior to January first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, or four and one-half percent interest for all life insurance policies, issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, or five percent interest for all annuities purchased or to be purchased under group annuity contracts, and the following tables: (A) For all ordinary policies of life insurance issued on the standard basis, excluding any disability and accidental death benefits in such policies, the Commissioners 1941 Standard Ordinary Mortality Table for such policies issued prior to the operative date of subsection (h) of section four thousand two hundred twenty-one of this article, the Commissioners 1958 Standard Ordinary Mortality Table for such policies issued on or after such operative date and prior to the operative date of subsection (k) of such section; provided that for any category of such policies issued on female risks all modified net premiums and present values may be calculated according to an age not more than six years younger than the actual age of the insured, and for such policies issued on or after the operative date of such subsection, and, at the option of the company, for such policies not providing for nonforfeiture benefits which are issued on or after nineteen hundred eighty-one and prior to the operative date of such subsection, (i) the Commissioners 1980 Standard Ordinary Mortality Table, or (ii) at the election of the company for any one or more specified plans of life insurance, the Commissioners 1980 Standard Ordinary Mortality Table with Ten-Year Select Mortality Factors, or (iii) any ordinary mortality table, adopted after nineteen hundred eighty by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, that is approved by the superintendent for use in determining the minimum standard of valuation for such policies, or (iv) any other ordinary mortality table, or any modification of any of the foregoing tables, approved by the superintendent for any specified class or classes of risks. (B) For all industrial life insurance policies issued on the standard basis, excluding any disability and accidental death benefits in such policies, the 1941 Standard Industrial Mortality Table for such policies issued prior to the operative date of subsection (i) of section four thousand two hundred twenty-one of this article, and for such policies issued on or after such operative date (i) the Commissioners 1961 Standard Industrial Mortality Table, or (ii) any industrial mortality table, adopted after nineteen hundred eighty by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, that is approved by the superintendent for use in determining the minimum standard of valuation for such policies, or (iii) any other industrial mortality table, or any modification of any of the foregoing tables, approved by the superintendent for any specified class or classes of risks. (C) For individual annuity and pure endowment contracts, excluding any disability and accidental death benefits in such contracts,--the 1937 Standard Annuity Mortality Table or, at the option of the company, the Annuity Mortality Table for 1949, Ultimate, or any modification of either of these tables approved by the superintendent. (D) For group annuity and pure endowment contracts, excluding any disability and accidental death benefits in such contracts,--the 1971 Group Annuity Mortality Table or any modification of this table approved by the superintendent. (E) For total and permanent disability benefits in or supplementary to ordinary policies or contracts--for policies or contracts issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred sixty-six, the tables of Period 2 disablement rates and the 1930 to 1950 termination rates of the 1952 Disability Study of the Society of Actuaries, with due regard to the type of benefits or any tables of disablement rates and termination rates, adopted after nineteen hundred eighty by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, that are approved by the superintendent for use in determining the minimum standard of valuation for such policies or any other tables of disablement rates and termination rates, or any modification of any of the foregoing tables, approved by the superintendent for any specified class or classes of risks; for policies or contracts issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred sixty-six, either such tables or, at the option of the company, the Class (3) Disability Table (1926). Any such table shall, for active lives, be combined with a mortality table permitted for calculating the reserves for life insurance policies. (F) For accidental death benefits in or supplementary to policies-- for policies issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred sixty-six, the 1959 Accidental Death Benefits Table or any accidental death benefits table, adopted after nineteen hundred eighty by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, that is approved by the superintendent for use in determining the minimum standard of valuation for such policies or any other accidental death benefits table, or any modification of any of the foregoing tables, approved by the superintendent for any specified class or classes of risks; for policies issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred sixty-six, either such table or, at the option of the company, the Inter-Company Double Indemnity Mortality Table. Any such table shall be combined with a mortality table permitted for calculating the reserves for life insurance policies. (G) For group life insurance, life insurance issued on the substandard basis, annuities involving life contingencies provided or available under optional modes of settlement in life insurance policies or annuity contracts and other special benefits--such tables as may be approved by the superintendent. (3) Except as provided in paragraph four hereof, the minimum standard for the valuation of all individual annuity and pure endowment contracts issued on or after the operative date of this paragraph, as defined herein, and for all annuities and pure endowments purchased or to be purchased on or after the operative date under group annuity and pure endowment contracts, shall be the commissioners reserve valuation method defined in paragraph six hereof and the following tables and interest rates: (A) For individual annuity and pure endowment contracts issued prior to January first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, excluding any disability and accidental death benefits in such contracts and excluding any annuities, purchased under individual deferred annuity contracts, to which the company has elected to have subparagraph (B) hereof apply--the 1971 Individual Annuity Mortality Table, or any modification of this table approved by the superintendent, and six percent interest for single premium immediate annuity contracts, and four percent interest for all other individual annuity and pure endowment contracts, or such higher rate or rates of interest for any of such contracts as may be approved from time to time by the superintendent. (B) For individual annuity and pure endowment contracts issued on or after January first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, excluding any disability and accidental death benefits in such contracts, and, at the election of the company, for annuities purchased on or after such date under individual deferred annuity contracts--the 1971 Individual Annuity Mortality Table, or any individual annuity mortality table, adopted after nineteen hundred eighty by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, that is approved by the superintendent for use in determining the minimum standard of valuation for such contracts, or any other individual annuity mortality table, or any modification of any of the foregoing tables, approved by the superintendent, and seven and one-half percent interest for all single premium individual immediate annuity contracts and all annuities, purchased under individual deferred annuity contracts, to which the company has elected to have this subparagraph apply and five and one-half percent interest for all other individual annuity and pure endowment contracts, excluding any annuities, purchased under deferred annuity contracts, for which the interest rate is seven and one-half percent or such higher rate or rates of interest for any of such contracts or annuities purchased under deferred annuity contracts as may be approved from time to time by the superintendent. (C) For all annuities and pure endowments purchased or to be purchased prior to January first, nineteen hundred seventy-seven under group annuity and pure endowment contracts, excluding any disability and accidental death benefits purchased under such contracts,--the 1971 Group Annuity Mortality Table, or any modification of this table approved by the superintendent, and six percent interest, or such higher rate or rates of interest for any of such annuities and pure endowments as may be approved from time to time by the superintendent. (D) For all annuities and pure endowments purchased or to be purchased on or after January first, nineteen hundred seventy-seven under group annuity and pure endowment contracts, excluding any disability and accidental death benefits purchased under such contracts--the 1971 Group Annuity Mortality Table, or any group annuity mortality table, adopted after nineteen hundred eighty by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, that is approved by the superintendent for use in determining the minimum standard of valuation for such annuities and pure endowments, or any other group annuity mortality table, or any modification of any of the foregoing tables, approved by the superintendent, and seven and one-half percent interest, or such higher rate or rates of interest for any such annuities and pure endowments as may be approved from time to time by the superintendent. (E) After June thirteenth, nineteen hundred seventy-four, any company may file with the superintendent a written notice of its election to comply with the provisions of this paragraph after a specified date before January first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, which shall be the operative date of this paragraph for such company, provided that an insurer may elect a different operative date for individual annuity and pure endowment contracts from that elected for group annuity and pure endowment contracts. If a company makes no such election, the operative date of this paragraph for such company shall be January first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine. (F) Annuities, annuity benefits and guaranteed interest contracts to which this subsection applies shall be subject to item (vi) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph four of this subsection. (4) (A) The interest rates used in determining the minimum standard for the valuation of: (i) all life insurance policies issued in a particular calendar year, on or after January first, nineteen hundred eighty-two, (ii) all individual annuity and pure endowment contracts issued in a particular calendar year on or after January first, nineteen hundred eighty-two, and, at the option of the company, all annuities purchased in a particular calendar year on or after such date under individual deferred annuity contracts issued prior thereto, (iii) all annuities and pure endowments purchased in a particular calendar year on or after January first, nineteen hundred eighty-two under group annuity and pure endowment contracts, and (iv) the net increase, if any, in a particular calendar year after January first, nineteen hundred eighty-two, in amounts held unde